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 The urine is usually dull yellow urine to dark yellow. Changes in the color of the urine may indicate the presence of potentially serious illness. In case of changes in urine, it is better to consult your doctor quickly so that he can determine the cause. 

What is urine?

Urine is a yellowish liquid produced in the kidneys . It is stored in the bladder and eliminated through the urethra during urination. If the urine changes color, it is essential to verify the urinary origin of the coloring.

The urine is red or pink

Reason for red urine :

In the majority of cases, this is hematuria with the presence of blood in the urine . If the blood stains the urine, it is called gross hematuria, which can sometimes be accompanied by blood clots.

A urine test will confirm the hematuria by showing red blood cells.

There are classically 3 types of hematuria :

1. The initial hematuria (only at the beginning of urination ) is in favor of a pathology of the urethra or the prostate ;
2. Terminal hematuria (only at the end of urination) is in favor of bladder disease ;
3. Total hematuria has no localizing value.

The causes of macroscopic hematuria, that is, when blood is visible, are very numerous. The urological causes are the most frequent:

• Urinary tract infection ;
• Calculation of the urinary tract ;
• Tumor of the bladder or excretory tract;
• Prostate adenoma ;
• Tumor of the kidney or prostate ; 
• An abnormal blood filtration by the kidney or glomerular nephropathy is also possible.

Any hematuria should lead to a medical consultation without delay . The doctor is looking for kidney , bladder or prostate disease . In addition to laboratory examinations, radiological examinations are often indicated: standard x-rays or ultrasounds.

Any hematuria should lead to a medical consultation without delay . The doctor is looking for kidney , bladder or prostate disease . In addition to laboratory examinations, radiological examinations are often indicated: standard x-rays or ultrasounds.

The urine is white

An  infection with the presence of pus is most often involved and a cyto-bacteriological examination of the urine (ECBU) allows the diagnosis to be made. Much more rarely, the urine may contain lymph indicating communication between the lymphatic vessels and the urinary tract (post-surgical sequelae, parasitic infection such as filariasis).

The urine is yellow or orange

why the urine is yellow?

the yellow colour of urine is due to:

• Nitrofurantoin  ;
• Picric acid;
• Chloramphenicol  ;
• Carotene;
• Phenindione  ;
• Vitamin B12 ...

dull yellow urine

what does pale yellow urine mean ?

While dull yellow urine does not necessarily indicate serious health problems, it is important to closely monitor the color of urine if it is yellowish and dark. There are many causes that lead to yellow urine and its dark color. The most important causes of yellow urine are:

• Excess Vitamin B such as; Riboflavin (B-2), cobalamin (B12), or their supplements may cause yellow urine.
• Bright yellow urine is a sign of the presence of B vitamins in the body, including B-2 and B-12, although this condition is harmless.
• The appearance of dark yellow urine indicates an increased concentration of urine that contains a lot of waste.
• Dark yellow urine indicates that the individual may be dehydrated and needs water.
• It can react to the color of all natural foods such as; Berries and beetroot with yellow urine dye to create a dark yellow color.
• Increased concentration of beta-carotene or vitamin C may lead to yellow or dark orange urine. Beta-carotene is found in yellow and orange foods such as; Carrots and sweet potatoes .
• Pigments and chemical compounds in the foods you eat and medications may also change the color of your urine. These changes don't last long. If you have dark yellow urine with severe pain, especially in your back, you may have kidney stones (Kidney stones). or a urinary tract infection.

The urine is black

These are usually drugs or pigments :

• Levodopa  ;
• Methyldopa  ;
• Methocarbamol  ;
• Hemolyzers;
• Melanin;
• Homogentisic acid ...

The black color can indicate the presence of old blood . The causes are then the same as for hematuria.

The urine is blue or green

The absorption or presence of:

• Methylene blue ;
• Amrinone  ;
• Gaiacol  ;
• Quinine  ;
• Methylthioninium  ;
• Triamterene  ;
• Biliverdin ...

Certain bacteria, such as the pyocyanic bacillus ( Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ), which are usually acquired in a hospital environment during a prolonged stay, can stain urine.

What is the normal color of urine?

It is known that urine is produced in the kidneys, and when you ingest liquids or food, it passes from the digestive system, and into the kidneys where it is filtered, and wastes and excess fluids are eliminated through urine.

It is normal for urine to be yellow, but its color depends on the amount of water you drink, as it affects whether the color is pale yellow or dark.

People who drink more water and retain more moisture usually produce light yellow urine than those who are dehydrated or consume less water, producing dark yellow urine.

If your urine is outside the yellow, you should see a doctor.

Diagnosis and treatment of urine

what to do when you have to pee really bad ?

If the color of your urine is due to the medications you are taking, talk to your doctor if you are concerned about the color of your urine in relation to the medications you are taking. If the color of your urine is dark yellow from foods, you can avoid foods known to cause it.

In the event that the cause is insufficient fluid intake, you should start drinking more water. According to Harvard University, you should drink about 6.5 glasses of water per day, and try to drink an extra glass of water after you wake up.

If you are experiencing dark yellow urine that is not caused by dehydration or is a side effect of medication, you will need a thorough evaluation by your doctor, who will perform a physical examination  and urinalysis .

A urinalysis involves taking at least a sample of your urine and testing for the presence of several things, which may indicate a medical condition, including:

• bacteria.
• bilirubin;
• crystals;
• glucose.
• protein.
• Red blood cells .
• White blood cells.
• The lab will give a report based on three components.

Chemical tests include information about bilirubin, blood, ketones, proteins and glucose. If a urinalysis shows unusual results, your doctor may order other tests, including a blood test that identifies the type of bacteria in your urine.